![]() ![]() The oxidation states of different elements are shown below:Īlmost all the elements of the periodic table are diamagnetic in nature. The maximum oxidation state shown by the atom is equal to the number of the valence electrons. ![]() Generally, the value of their oxidation states is negative but when bonded with more electronegative atoms then they also exhibit positive oxidation states. Oxidation States The p-block elements show variable oxidation states. This is because of the fact that as we move down the group, the atomic size of elements increase due to which the melting and boiling points increase. Melting and Boiling Points The melting and boiling points of all the p-block elements increase as we move down the groups. From to bottom, the electronegativity decreases because of increased atomic size and lesser influence of the nucleus. But from top to bottom, this ionization energy decreases as the size of the atom increases due to which the influence of nucleus on the electrons decreases and thus it is easy to remove the electron from the outermost shell.Įlectronegativity The electronegativity of p-block elements increases from left to right as the effective nuclear charge increases. Ionization Enthalpy The ionization energy of p-block elements increases from left to right because of the effective nuclear charge on the outer electrons increases. This is because, from left to right in the same period, no extra shell is added but the nuclear charge is increased and thus the size is decreased But as we move from left to right, then the atomic size decreases. Group 18 elements are known as noble gases.Ītomic Radii As we move down the group, there is always the addition of one more shell due to this the radius of the elements always increase in moving down the group. Group 17 elements are purely non-metals known as halogens. There are some elements which are in between the metallic and non-metallic character known as metalloids. The metallic character of the elements increases as we move down the group. Metallic Character In p-block series, the elements are classified into various categories based on their metallic character. Some members of this group are metals like aluminum, some are metalloids like silicon and germanium, and rest are non-metals like oxygen, chlorine, etc.Įlectronic Configuration The general electronic configuration of p-block elements are given as follows: Group 13 elements: ns 2 np 1 Group 14 elements: ns 2 np 2 Group 15 elements: ns 2 np 3 Group 16 elements: ns 2 np 4 Group 17 elements: ns 2 np 5 Group 18 elements: ns 2 np 6 These p-block elements are completely different from each other. ![]() These elements have various properties and characteristics that are important to learn. P-block elements consist of the elements that are from group 13 to group 18. Crack JEE 2021 with JEE/NEET Online Preparation Program Start Now Overview of the chapter ![]()
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